Per una politica europea di asilo, accoglienza e immigrazione
politica della sicurezza
, portatrice di un approccio “integrato” che dovrebbe coniugare
diplomazia, cooperazione e accoglienza
1
.
Il nodo maggiormente problematico è dato dalle azioni del primo asse (quello della difesa),
che, per mezzi e modalità di intervento, rischiano di precedere e, quindi, prevalere sul
secondo, sbilanciando l’intero quadro degli interventi a favore di interventi di polizia
internazionale. Inoltre, con l’ampliamento delle regole d’ingaggio delle missioni “Triton” e
“Poseidon”, la Commissione continua a riconoscere compiti di salvataggio a strumenti
deputati ad altro fine (pattugliamento delle coste, controllo delle frontiere, ecc.), anziché
dar corso a specifiche missioni con scopi unicamente umanitari.
Il
piano delle sicurezza
presenta maggiori novità, giacché sviluppa quanto delineato fin dal
Consiglio di Ypres rispetto alla revisione delle politiche dei visti, al coinvolgimento delle
delegazioni UE dei Paesi terzi
2
e alla creazione di vie sicure verso l’Europa che
disincentivino i profughi dal ricorrere ai mezzi offerti dai trafficanti
3
. Si tratta di soluzioni
che, se attuate, avrebbero un carattere strutturale destinato a impattare sull’intero
sistema di accoglienza internazionale. In quest’ottica, appaiono senz’altro significativi i
richiami alle condizioni degli IDP Camps
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in molte aree di crisi e alla funzione della
cooperazione
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nel creare situazioni che arginino la dispersione umana dei profughi.
Restano, tuttavia, da valutare le modalità (in primo luogo, la tempistica) con cui si
tradurranno in pratica queste indicazioni, a fronte delle resistenze intergovernative in
seno all’UE e delle prassi di intervento consolidate nei Paesi terzi.
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COM(2015) 240 final, p. 6:
As outlined by President Juncker in his Political Guidelines, a robust fight
against irregular migration, traffickers and smugglers, and securing Europe's external borders must be
paired with a strong common asylum policy as well as a new European policy on legal migration. Clearly,
this requires an enhanced coherence between different policy sectors, such as development cooperation,
trade, employment, foreign and home affairs policies.
2
COM(2015) 240 final, p. 8:
Partnership with countries of origin and transit is crucial and there are a
series of established bilateral and regional cooperation frameworks on migration in place
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. These will be
enriched by stepping up the role on migration of
EU Delegations
in key countries. Delegations will in
particular report on major migratory related developments in the host countries, contribute to
mainstream migration issues into development cooperation and reach out to host countries to ensure
coordinated action.
European migration liaison officers
will be seconded in EU Delegations in key third
countries, in close cooperation with the Immigration Liaison Officers Network
and with local authorities
and civil society, with the purpose of gathering, exchanging and analysing information.
3
COM(2015) 240 final, p. 4:
In addition to the relocation of those already on EU soil, the EU has a duty to
contribute its share in helping displaced persons in clear need of international protection. This is a joint
responsibility of the international community, with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR) given the task of identifying when people cannot stay safely in their own countries. Such
vulnerable people cannot be left to resort to the criminal networks of smugglers and traffickers. There
must be safe and legal ways for them to reach the EU.
4
COM(2015) 240 final, p. 8:
As well as addressing long-term root causes, the EU helps to mitigate the
impact of crisis at a local level. This needs a sustained effort: more than 70% of the world's refugees and
Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) are trapped in situations of displacement for five years or more. The
EU is a leading international donor for refugees with EUR 200 million in ongoing projects from
development assistance and over EUR 1 billion of humanitarian assistance dedicated to refugees and
IDPs since the beginning of 2014. A strategic reflection is now under way to maximise the impact of this
support, with results expected in 2016.
5
COM(2015) 240 final, p. 8-9:
Cooperation with third countries
is of critical importance. Most of the
smugglers are not based in Europe, and those who are arrested on the boats in the Mediterranean are
normally the last link in the chain. Cooperation to crack down on the local and international criminal
groups that control smuggling routes will be a major focus of the intensified cooperation set out above.
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